The district has around 9236functional units that employs around 1,94,151 individuals. The key enterprises of the district include Glass & glassware, Repairing and Servicing, Agro industries Mineral based, Hospitality & tourism, Wood and wood products, Meat Processing, and Food processing. The glass and glassware industry has about 5,621 units of production in Firozabad. Turnover of these units sum up to an annual turnover of Rs. 1680crores, out of which, the export turnover is around Rs. 515 crores and domestic market is to the tune of 1165 crores. Since old times, the glass industry has been the major source of revenue in Firozabad. Glass & glassware handicrafts, and Agriculture are two other important revenue generators in this city. Service sector-based industries have also come up in and around Firozabad, generating more employment opportunities for local people as well as those from other cities.

people as well as those from other cities. TheGlass and glassware product contribute most in terms of employment and revenue, which is approximately 80.71% and 95.40% respectively. Agro industries contributes ~0.5.7% to revenue, and ~5.51% of work force is employed. Repairing and Servicing contributes ~0.6% to revenue, and ~2.47% of work force is employed in this vertical.

The total export from Firozabad is approximately INR630.99 Crore for the period September 2020 to November 2021.

The city of Firozabad in Uttar Pradesh is an ancient one and you must have heard of it being referred to as the “Glass City of India” or “The Bangle City”.

This unique name of the city comes from its beautiful bangles, crafts, tableware and other exquisite items made of glass, which are popular throughout India. Firozabad is also known as “Suhag Nagar” as it is famous for producing varieties of items used for ornamentation by the brides or suhagins. Firozabad is also known as “World Capital of beads” because of huge production of glass beads that get used in jewellery items, cloths, Dinner sets, chandeliers, toys, showpieces and other accessories and different other glassware. Even tourists from abroad appreciate the painstakingly designed and crafted glass works created in this city.Firozabad is 47km away from the historical city Agra and having area of 2361 sq. km. It is the centre of India's glassmaking industry and is known for the quality of the bangles produced there. Firozabad with the changing time has entered into new era of glass manufacturing, it has become a major hub of manufacturing different glass-based items and has registered its global presence, diversifying its industrial base and encouraging ancillary industries including Chemicals, Packaging and more of service sector-based industries have flourished in a short span of time. Different type ofglass articles such as jars, candle stands, glasses, flower vases, and electric wares like decorative lights, bulbs and few other sorts of glass article are also manufactured in the city. These articles are painted with vivid colours and innovative patterns. Etching is done on some products to enhance their beauty and marketability. Some decorative articles are also manufactured in the cluster in combination with other materials. The district has around 9,236 functional units that employs around 1,94,151 individuals. The key enterprises of the district include Glass & glassware, Repairing and Servicing, Agro based, Mineral based, Hospitality & tourism, Wood and wood products, Meat Processing, and Food processing.

Firozabad lies on the south west end of Uttar Pradesh at 270 and 270 24' (north) latitude and 770 60' and 900 4' (East) longitude. To the north lies the district Etah, in the east lies Etawah and Mainpuri. In the south there is river Yamuna and boundaries of Agra district and in the west, it touches the boundaries of Agra district. The whole district is a vast level plain. Yamuna, Sirsa &Sengar rivers are flowing in the south of the district. The district is situated in the “Doab” of the rivers Ganga and Yamuna which covers an area of 2407.0 Sq. km

Road: The city is 47 km east from Agra on National Highway 19 which makes it an important stopover for the transport vehicles on this highway. Firozabad hence is connected to several bus services to the Western and Eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh state. Due to proximity to Agra and hence the borders of Uttar Pradesh with Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh states several inter-state bus services also serve the city. Intra-city transport typically consists of Rickshaws and 3-wheelers.The city is well connected with Yamuna Expressway and Taj Expressway to national capital New Delhi and state capital Lucknow respectively. Railways:
► Firozabad railway station served by the Delhi-Howrah trunk route of the Indian Railways. Several trains serve the city connecting it to long and short distanced destinations including Delhi, Howrah, Mumbai, Kanpur, Lucknow, Jaipur, Jammu Tawi, Amritsar, Jamshedpur, Patna, Aligarh, agra, Hathras, Puri, Ajmer, Ambala, Bareilly, Mathura, Etawah, Gorakhpur and Tundla.

► Tundla Junction railway station in the Tundla town (20 km west of Firozabad city on National Highway- 2) of the Firozabad District is a major railway station of North Central Railways. Due to its proximity to Agra several trains on the Delhi Howrah route which don't stop at Firozabad station make a stop at Tundla Junction hence serving Firozabad as well as Agra cities. Airport:
► The nearest airport to Firozabad is Gwalior Airport which is around 98 km from the district head quarter. The other airport accessible form the district is Indira Gandhi National Airport, New Delhi 204 km from the district head quarter followed by Chaudhary Charan Singh Airport, Lucknow which is around 249 km.

The climate of Firozabad is extremely dry, due to its proximity to the state of Rajasthan. The summer season starts very early here and residents experience extremes of temperature. During the summer months, the temperature of Firozabad district reaches to around 47 degree Celsius. In winter the temperature can go down to as low as 2 degree Celsius. Monsoon usually begins in the beginning of July and the average rainfall is 751 mm. The winter months are almost dry, with virtually no rainfall. The highest recorded temperature in the district was 48°C and the lowest was -1°C.
The geographical area of the district is 2361 Sq. Km. (about 257837 hectares). The cultivated area of the district is about 180954 hectares. The major cropping patterns followed in the district are bajra, paddy, arhar, til, urd, moong in kharif and wheat, mustard, barley, potato, garlic etc. in rabi. The soils are loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, silty clay loam, ravines and waste land. The fertility status of spoil is poor to very poor. The average annual rainfall of the district is 665.40 mm. temperatures varies from 40C (during December-January) to 480C (during May-June). The district has 237 state tube-wells and 32295 private tube-wells which contributes assured irrigation to almost 80.49% of the cultivable area. Uppar Ganga canal and lower Ganga canal are two major canals of the district. There are 94 cold storages in the district. About 70% of the cultivated area is covered under Bajra and wheat crops and the rest of the area under potato, vegetables, fodder, oilseeds and pulses etc. in the year 2014-15 district Firozabad became first (area) in potato cultivation.

Like any other city of Uttar Pradesh, Firozabad has long association with Indian history, and it was ruled by different dynasties. Each ruler has left some architectural marvel in the city of Firozabad and all of them have become important tourist places of the city. They are Ashokan Pillars, Kali Masjid, Begumpur Mosque, Bijai Mandal, Bara Khamba, Khikri Masjid and others. Most of these were built during the reign of Firoz Shah Tuglaq during his reign.
Firozabad has many temples, mosques and tombs that attract visitors. There are some famous markets as well. Raj Rajeswari Jai Kela Devi Temple, Gopal Ashram, Mata Wala Bagh Temple, Vishal Jain Mandir, Mahavir Jain Mandir, etc are some important places in Firozabad.

Firozabad is the centre of India's glassmaking industry and is known for the quality of the bangles produced there. Firozabad with the changing time has entered into new era of Glass Manufacturing, it has become a major hub of manufacturing different Glass based items and has registered its global presence, diversifying its industrial base and encouraging ancillary industries including Chemicals, Packaging and more of service sector-based industries have flourished in a short span of time.

Firozabad is the centre of India's glassmaking industry and is known for the quality of the bangles produced there. Firozabad with the changing time has entered into new era of Glass Manufacturing, it has become a major hub of manufacturing different Glass based items and has registered its global presence, diversifying its industrial base and encouraging ancillary industries including Chemicals, Packaging and more of service sector-based industries have flourished in a short span of time. All sorts of glass articles, including jars, candle stands, glasses, flower vases, and electric wares such as decorative lights, bulbs and every other sort of glass article are prepared in this city. These articles are painted with vivid colours and innovative patterns. Etching is done on some products to enhance their beauty. Decoration work is also done on some products by fixing other material on them. Glass & glassware products cluster of Firozabad covers Firozabad city and surrounding areas. There are ~5,621 operational units in the cluster employing around 1,56,700and with a turnover of about INR 1,680 crore.Error! Bookmark not defined.Firozabad city is considered as the hub of the cluster as it has the maximum no. of units & artisans and it is well connected to neighbouring cities through road, rail and air ways.

The historic evidence say that the glass was in use in India since ancient time. Hastinapur (Uttar Pradesh) site is the earliest from where glass in the form of glass bangles from 1100-800 B.C. reported in the review done by D. P. Agarwal and Manikant Shah for Ancient Glass and India written by S.N. Sen and Mamta Chaudhary published by Indian National Science Academy, 1985. In 800 B.C., during the time of Yajur Veda, glass was one of the articles of which female ornaments were made. lt is evident from the archaeological findings at Basti (Uttar Pradesh) that glassware found is about 2000 years old. Alan Macfarlane and Gerry Martin in a research article Glass in India (2OO2l write that during the Mughal period, glass articles, like chandeliers, tumbler, bowls and bottles for perfumes, became popular. Itis regularly developing since 15th century AD . Utilizing the various pieces of broken glasses all sort of decorative items including beautiful perfume bottles, tumblers, birds’ bangles, etc. are manufactured here which are popular all over the world. Initially this traditional industry being small scale industry was deprived of dear advance techniques and solutions for its development. Out of the total production of glass goods, 50 per cent is of glass bangles here in Firozabad. Now a days this developing glass bangles industry is being aided and supported by the government of Uttar Pradesh and as well as by the Central Government.

► Glass Bangle
► Bangle Baking
► Glass Rods
► Building glass products- Float glass, Casted glass, Fused glass, Laminated glass
► Glass Beads
► Handicraft hardware- Knobs, Hook
► Decorative items
► Home decorative- Votive, Vases, Christmas hanging Lamp & Lighting
► Bulb, Tube
► Glass Sculptures
► Container glass
► Laboratory glassware- Thermal shock and thermal shock endurance
► Tableware
► Glass-to-glass sealings- Determination of stresses
► Bottles ;

Firozabad glass has been awarded Geographical Indication (G.I.) status in 2009 and is valid up to 2029 There are falling in class-21 in respect of Household or kitchen utensils and containers; un-worked or semi-work glass (except glass used in buildings); Kitchen ware, Table ware, Chandeliers, Double walled glass refills; Glass Bangles; Bead; Tumblers and decorative items. ;

► Artisans
► DIEPC
► Raw material suppliers
► MSME DI
► Machinery suppliers
► Uttar Pradesh Export Promotion Council
► Entrepreneurs
► Export Promotion Bureau, Uttar Pradesh
► Manufactures
► Central Glass and Ceramic Institute
► Exporters
► Glass Industries Syndicate
► Banks and Financial Institutions
► Industry and Exporter Associations

The export scenario of India and Uttar Pradesh have been analysed basis the export statistics of HS codes mentioned above under which Glass and Glassware products are exported. Alongside are the key facts pertaining to the analysed product codes.

Based on our analysis, we have identified key synergies that should be developed to expand our current reach and potential; These synergies are divided into immediate and long term. The immediate synergies include countries with Signed FTA’s, high growth potential, and ones catered by India and not UP. Whereas the long-term synergies include countries with untapped market potential which can only be fulfilled if UP’s exporters comply and raise the quality of the product to the highest standards, freight rates are more subsidized and major effortsis required in marketing which will require time to accommodate the same.;

As various products are manufactured and sold under the Glass and glassware products category of Firozabad , in order to gauge our understanding of where India stands relative to the world on the trade of these products, each product has been delved into as a separate unit defined by its exports and imports in comparison to its competition and potential markets to target in the future. The consolidated list of countries that India can target, respective to the analysis carried out in each chapter are USA, Germany, UAE, UK, Brazil, Netherlands, Malaysia, Denmark, Canada, Australia, Sweden as mapped below. Product 1: 702000_ Articles of glass, n.e.s. India's exports represent 3.8% of world exports for this product, ranking it number 8, behind China, Viet Nam, Germany, Japan, Korea Republic of, Thailand, and USA. The value of India’s exports over the last 5 years have decreased by CAGR 3% with a sharp increase in 2019 and then a subsequent dip post that. As per data FY 2018-19 to 2020-21 for exports from the state of UP, it is observed that there has been decreased by CAGR 4.32%, with a similarly sharp increase in 2019-20 which fell in the year post that.

This plays a vital role in any products exports as it is a product uplifting strategy. Most artisans aren’t bothered about changing their product range and they fail to understand that it is an integral part of comprehensive marketing. Diversification can be brought in the cluster by:
► Development of a new products: The units of the cluster should be encouraged to diversify the product categories and must be provided with enough resources to create innovative products without losing the ancestral essence of the craft. The artisans going forward should focus on creating newer glass and glassware products.
► Modifications of Existing Products: It has also been found that most of the units use no strategy for making modifications to the existing products in the light of design and market demand. The artisans/ unit’s owners can make more value products by blending traditional with contemporary designs.